Purpose: Cell experiments are vitally dependent on CO2 incubators. The heating system of usual incubators result in undesirable induction of Electromagnetic (EM) fields on cells that result in decreased accuracy in bio-electromagnetic tests. EM shields can cause a considerable decrease in the stray fields and eliminate the undesirable induction. Materials and Methods: CST-2019 is used for simulations. five different shielding systems have been examined in this paper. We try to modify shape and material used for shielding to achieve better result. (Iron, Mu-Metal, steel). Results: We introduce a simple practical design, together with variations of previously reported ones, and numerical evaluation of their magnetic field attenuation. Conclusion: The targeted design decreases the field within the shield to about 0. 03 times of the incident magnetic field, while having holes for air and CO2 exchange.

Laplacian equation in fractional space describes complex phenomena of physics. With this view, potential of charge distribution in fractional space is derived using Gegenbauer polynomials. Multipoles and magnetic field of charges in fractional space have been obtained. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 

The produced electric and magnetic fields due to lightning strikes to mountainous ground are determined in this paper. For the sake of simplicity a cone-shaped ground with finite conductivity is assumed to represent a natural nonflat ground. By this assumption, we deal with an axillary symmetrical structure so we use the cylindrical 2D-FDTD to save the simulation memory and time, dramatically. The return stroke channel is modeled using the antenna theory model with fixed inductive loading (ATIL-F) which is appropriately incorporated into the FDTD algorithm. We have derived the updating equations of 2D-FDTD for distributed resistance and inductance in ATIL-F model. Both the first and the subsequent return strokes are considered and their related radiated electromagnetic fields are determined and compared with each other. The fields are calculated at an intermediate horizontal distance from the cone-axis.The calculated results show that the presence of the cone-shape ground introduces an enhancement in electric and magnetic fields, for both first and subsequent return strokes. Since sharper lossy cone means larger current density in the ground, the increment in the amplitude of the fields is inversely proportional to the cone-angle. A hump is observed in electromagnetic field waveforms because of the current reflection form joint point of the cone-shape ground and the flat ground beneath it. It is more specific in the subsequent-stroke fields. simulation results for different cone-height are presented. It shows that for small values of height, the results approaches to thoseof the flat ground.

Objective: The growing development of electronic industries and the increasing use of electrical appliances have led to higher rise in chronic exposure of people to extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF). The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of electromagnetic field exposure on DNA fragmentation in mouse blastocysts.Materials and Methods: Eighty female NMRI mice were randomly divided into 2 groups of 40 animals: Control group was left unexposed. EMF group was exposed to 50 Hz & 0.5 mT EMF for 4 hours per day, 6 days a week and a total duration of 2 weeks. On the 8th day of exposure, the female mice in both groups were superovulated and mated overnight. In the next morning, the female mice with a vaginal plug were identified as pregnant; at the time of implantation, the pregnant mice were killed and blastocysts obtained by flushing the uterus horns. The mean number of pregnant mice, blastocysts after flushing, and the DNA fragmentation index following TUNEL staining in both groups were compared using statistical methods (SPSS, t test, p<0.05).Results: The results showed that the percent of pregnant mice was decreased in experimental group (50%) compared to control group (67.5%) but the difference was found to be in significant. In addition, the data also demonstrated that the mean number of blastocysts after flushing was decreased in EMF group compared with control group (5.5±5.7 vs. 9±4.8; p£0.03). Although the mean number of blastomers were not significantly decreased in experimental group compared to control group, however, the DNA fragmentation index was significantly increased in EMF group comparing with control group (10.53% vs. 7.14%; p<0.001).Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the EMF exposure in preimplantation stage has detrimental effects on female mouse fertility and embryo development by decreasing the number of blastocysts and increasing the blastocysts DNA fragmentation.